THUR, Oct 7 \ 19.30-21.00 \ Child Sexual Abuse

045
STOP IT NOW! UK & IRELAND: A PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE

Donald Findlater, Teresa Hughes
Stop it Now! The Lucy Faithfull Foundation
thughes@stopitnow.org.uk

STOP IT NOW! UK & IRELAND is a major new national and local public health campaign that aims to stop child sexual abuse by encouraging abusers and potential abusers to seek help and by giving all adults the information they need to protect children effectively. The fundamental premise of STOP IT NOW! UK & IRELAND lies in the belief that all adults must take responsibility for protecting children before the abuse occurs and in order to do this they need to be able to recognise the signs of abuse and understand how abusers behave.
The campaign has been running successfully for three years – local projects have been established, literature has been developed which gives factual information and a telephone/website HELPLINE has been in operation for the past two years.
The purpose of this workshop/presentation is to share with delegates the background to this public health campaign and our progress to date. We will describe the nature of the projects, and demonstrate how they are able to influence local professional and community agendas on issues relating to child sexual abuse. Examples of all our literature will be presented and available for delegates – these include booklets, posters, postcards and small pocket sized publications – and we will discuss the rationale for producing this type of literature and what impact we believe it has had within our communities. In addition, we will be giving a detailed account of our HELPLINE activity, which will include an analysis of the calls we have received and examples of how we have been able to assist the needs of our callers.
The final part of the workshop will be dedicated to future, planned developments and to ways in which we might take the campaign further. There will be time for comments and debate on any issues raised.

046
UNDERSTANDING CHILD MOLESTING IN ADOLESCENCE: TESTING ATTACHMENT THEORY-BASED HYPOTHESES

Michael H. Miner, Ph.D.
Medical School, University of Minnesota, USA
miner001@umn.edu

Marshall (1989) suggests that child molesters fail to develop secure attachment bonds in childhood, resulting in a failure to learn interpersonal skills and gain the self-confidence necessary to achieve intimacy. This hypothesis forms the basis of this presentation, which will focus on data from two groups of adolescents: Juvenile Child Molesters, defined as 14-17 year old males recruited from sex offender specific treatment programs and county probation whose victims were at least three years younger than themselves and less than 12 years of age; and Juvenile Delinquents, defined as 14-17 year old males adjudicated delinquent for non-sex violent or property crimes recruited from juvenile detention centers, county probation, and outpatient treatment programs. Recruitment was designed in both groups so that 50% of the sample came from incarcerated or inpatient settings and 50% came from outpatient, community-based settings.
Using the data from this empirical investigation, I will focus on understanding attachment theory-based hypotheses about child molestation and whether there is evidence that adolescent child molesters comprise a unique group, or are a subset of juvenile delinquents. Further, this presentation will discuss the empirical findings within the context of understanding the adolescent developmental processes that could be etiologic in the development of sexual interest in children, and how these data inform interventions for adolescent sex offenders and interventions for prevention of child sexual abuse

047
INCEST OFFENDERS IN CHINESE CULTURE: LITERATURE REVIEW AND A REPORT OF PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATIONS IN TAIWAN

Jung-Kwang Wen
Prof, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
jkw67687@adm.cgmh.org.tw

In 2003, the percentage of incest (or kunisexuality) as a category of criminal sexual abuse is 7.24% according to the annual report released from the Committee of Prevention and Treatment of Domestic Violence and Sex Assault in Taiwan's central government. Recently victims of the traditionally “unspeakable crime” have been encouraged to seek help from various counseling and treatment centers, a major one of which claims that around 50% of the clients are incest victims (and around 65% of them were under age 12 when abused for the first time).
Literature concerning incest offenders in Chinese societies is very limited. The well-known controversy between Westermarck hypothesis of incest avoidance and Freud's Qedipus complex with an early incestuous sexual interest is addressed here with special reference to theories of Chinese relationism and Arthur Wolf's landmark research on child-bride marital system in some rural areas in Taiwan.
In the beginning phase of academic research on incest about sex offenders, a series of case reports (N=789) of pre-sentence psychiatric evaluations for sex offenders (N=60, 7.6%, incestuous；N=729, non- incestuous) are presented with a set of clinical and forensic descriptive data, which include victim-perpetrator relations, family environment, PPG, assessment of recidivism risk, and disposition for civil commitment. Among the incest offenders, 61.67% are father-daughter cases.
Preliminary findings suggest that dysfunctional intra-familiar parent-child and spousal relations is the most significant scenario. Problems and resistances encountered in the studies on such highly sensitive subjects as incest offenders will be presented and discussed.

048
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND THE INTERNET

Suzanne Curnoe, BA & Ron Langevin, PhD, Margretta Dwyer
Juniper Associates, Etobicoke Ontario, Canada
rlangevin@sprint.ca

A sample of men charged with possession of Internet child pornography was examined for the presence of phallometrically diagnosed sexual disorders, for substance abuse, mental illness, psychopathy, criminal history, and actuarial risk of future sexual offenses. Contrary to expectation, most men had no criminal record and very few were pedophiles. If any sexual disorder was present, it was most often voyeurism. Dominant in this group were sexually conventional men who showed signs of mental illness and/or extreme stress. Actuarial assessment of risk indicated that they were generally at low risk for sexual offenses. Motives for possession of the child pornography are discussed.

049
THE 17-YEAR-OLD CHILD – PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CHILD PORNOGRAPHY

Helmut Graupner
Austrian Society for Sex Research (ÖGS), Austria
hg@graupner.at, www.graupner.at

Recently enacted EU-legislation will effect interferences with the sexual life of adolescents across Europe in an intensity so far not known in any of the European states. The “Framework-Directive on combating sexual exploitation of children and child-pornography” obliges all member States of the European Union to create extensive offences of “child”-pornography and “child”-prostitution, defining as “child” every person up to 18 years of age, without differentiating between five-year-old children and 17-year-old juveniles. These offences go far beyond combating child pornography and child prostitution, thus making a wide variety of adolescent sexual behaviour, hitherto completely legal in the overwhelming majority of jurisdictions in Europe, serious crimes; for instance: sex between 16-year olds for “remuneration” or “consideration”, which includes invitations to cinema or to a dinner; “lascivious” drawings of a 17-year-old girl possessed by a 15-year-old boy; photographs of a 16 year-old girl in her bikini “lasciviously” exposing her pubic area, taken by her 17 year-old boyfriend on the beach; standard pornography involving younger looking 20-year-old adults or “webcam-sex” between 17-year-old-adolescents; even pictures of one's own adult spouse in “lascivious” poses, if this spouse looks younger than 18. No European jurisdiction so far has such a restrictive law. The massive criminalisation and the equation of adolescents with children caused heavy criticisms among experts but this criticism could not prevent the project from becoming law. This presentation provides an analysis of the background, the legislative process and the content of the EU-Framework-Decision.