Posters

P 01
SEXUALITY AWARENESS AND PROBLEMATIC SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR TRAINING FOR STAFF WORKING WITHIN MEDIUM SECURITY.

Jo Hebb, Eleni Belivanaki, Iona Oughton
Kneesworth House Hospital, Partnerships in Care, Bassingbourn-cum-Kneesworth
Royston, Hertfordshire, England jhebb@partnershipsincare.co.uk

Staff do not always feel comfortable or confident to deliver high quality patient care in respect of sexual issues, especially if the behaviour is problematic and/or abusive. This paper describes a training programme for staff and its emotional and practical impact on staff.
The programme consists of two consecutive courses that are open to all disciplines. Training objectives are to improve patient care with regard to a) patient sexuality issues in general and b) problematic sexual behaviour (PSB) and to reduce anxiety or uncertainty for staff in dealing with patients who exhibit PSB.
It is expected that training will improve understanding of patient sexuality and sexual health issues and also, confidence and skills in working with patients who exhibit PSB. Furthermore, it is expected that knowledge and skills gained through training will be retained by staff (follow-up testing three months after initial training).
Participants complete questionnaires at the start and finish of each part of the course and three months later. The information is analysed to evaluate the training programme, results are compared to a control group. Confidentiality and anonymity is ensured in all cases.
Initial findings show improvement in the knowledge of sexuality, sexual health and issues related to dealing with PSB in those who attended the training.

P 02
THE CURRENT STATUS OF PSYCHOSEXUAL TREATMENT AND EDUCATION OF SEX OFFENDERS IN TAIWAN AND A NARRATIVE MODEL OF TREATMENT

Frank Huang-Chih Chou1, Shiou-Ping Chen1, Chao-Yueh Su2, Ker-Ling Hsueh3 Jung-Kung Wen3, For-Wen Lung4, Kuan-Yi Tsai1, Gen-In Lee1
Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital1, I-Shiou University2, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung3, 802 General Hospital4
f50911.tw@yahoo.com.tw

This study aimed to summarize the current status of psychosexual treatment and education of sex offenders in the community in Taiwan. A narrative model of treatment based in a psychiatric hospital was also introduced.
Trained assistants gave self-administered questionnaires to respondents between January, 2002 and December, 2002. All data was analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software. A narrative psychosexual treatment and education model was also introduced in Taiwan.
A total of 55 professionals from 34 hospitals were surveyed. The response rate was 91.89%. The respondents' professions were as follows: psychiatrists: 15 (27.27%); psychologists: 24 (42.64%); social workers: 14 (24.45%); and nursing staff: 2 (3.64%). The average professional manpower of each hospital was as follows: psychiatrists: 1.38, psychologists: 1.68, social workers: 1.21, and nurses: 0.24. Eight key issues were identified that affected their treatment of sexual offenders, including the lack of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), inadequate man power and financial constraints.
The principle of community psychosexual education in a psychiatric hospital was introduced, and focused on 12-session psychosexual education.
There is a shortage of professionals able to perform this work. Psychosexual treatment & education of sex offenders will be assisted by the establishment of a SOP.

P 03
SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN IN A RURAL AREA OF GREECE

Nikolaos Bilanakis, Hara Speggou, Katerina Rentziou
Research and Support Center for Victims of Maltreatment and Social Exclusion (CVME), Ioannina, Greece
cvme@ioa.forthnet.gr We present here results, which are part of a larger survey that has been done in order to investigate whether child abuse and neglect occurs in Greek families, in rural regions far away from Athens
The total of 825 sixth-grade pupils in all 30 schools of the state school in the Ioannina Municipality area were surveyed, by means of a specially designed self – administrated questionnaire, and provided 798 analyzable questionnaires.
Seven (1,00%) of the children of our sample, according to their reports, were subjected to sexual abuse, meaning by sexual abuse “inappropriate and disturbed sexual acts by an adult to a child”. Sexual abuse was found to be significant associated with the father's low educational level and low age.
Our study indicated that child sexual abuse in Greece, even in rural regions, haw epidemiological dimensions and characteristics similar to those described not only by previous studies concerning Athens, Greece, but also in other countries.
P 04
SUPPORTING VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ABUSE: THE WORK OF A NGO
Nikolaos Bilanakis, Eleftheria Kosma
Research and Support Center for Victims of Maltreatment and Social Exclusion (CVME), Ioannina, Greece
cvme@ioa.forthnet.gr We present the characteristics of clients who visited Research and Support Center for Victims of Maltreatment and Social Exclusion (CVME), a Greek NGO, situated in Ioannina, in order to seek help because they had experienced sexual abuse.
From all our clients, we examined the characteristics of those who visited our center between 1998 –2003, complaining for sexual abuse.
Five children (4 girls, 1 boy), and 27 women came between 1998 – 2003 in our Center complaining for sexual abuse. Their mean age was 37,1 years for women and 10,00 for children. These people have been addressed to our center by themselves /family/friends (36,6%), by other services (30%) or by reclaims of our Center in Mass Media (33,3%).
The abusers were according to victims' s denunciations, the husband (50%), the ex-husband (20%), the father (10%), the boyfriend (6,6%), an acquaintance (3,3%) or the abuse was committed by an unknown (6,6%). In 59,1% of cases, the victim asked for psychological help, in 28,5% for legal advice, in 16,3% for social help, 2,01% for medical help and in 12,2% the victim had not a clear demand. Finally, our center offered to victims : legal advice (in 35,5% cases), psychological help (in 26,6% cases) social support (in 11,1% cases),medical assistance (6,6% cases) and in 8 cases the 17,7% the victim had been referred either to Police or to the Hospital or to a shelter.
In conclusion, an NGO working in the field of human rights has a lot to offer in the support of sexually abused victims.


P 05
HOW A CHILD PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT CAN CONTRIBUTE IN THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Maria. Eleftheriadou
Child Psychiatrist, Child Psychiatric Department of Community Mental Health Center of Katerini, Greece
m_elefth@otenet.gr We present how our Child Psychiatric Department can contribute in the prevention of sexual abuse of children and adolescents.
According the data we found recently in international literature, if we try to improve the communication between parents and children or adolescents, strengthen and support the parents in their role, we take substantial measures for the prevention of sexual offences against minors.
So, we organized two groups of parents: the first one for parents with preschool children and the second for parents of children 12 years old, going to adolescence.
These two groups had as aim a better knowledge for sexual issues for both parents and teachers.
In parallel, on the context of program of ‘Education of Health' in high schools, the last two academic years we organized two groups of adolescents. The meetings of each group was for the participants a supportive environment, where the adolescents had the opportunity to express and discuss their feelings, fears, worries, problems and questions with the specialists of our inter-scientific team.
Working for the prevention of sexual offence and sexual abuse of children and adolescents, we must collaborate with other specialists from other services, so it was very important to have a communication with theme. In order to have a common philosophy in our approach and to achieve to speak the same language, we invited representatives of these Institutions to participate in our Educational Program in the Mental Health Centre of Katerini, in order to start a dialogue, which would facilitate more essential interventions should need arise.
In our Educational Program, which is mainly focused on issues that concern children and adolescents, a separate entity was incorporated for “psycho-social issues” including these for the neglect as well as physical and sexual abuse.
Also, we participated in the organisation of a scientific meeting open in the public of our city, on the subject the confrontation of violence in the family, on the occasion of the celebration of World Day of woman, in March 2002 in Katerini.
Finally, we discuss two cases of sexual attacks in our area and the cooperation with the families, in the context of ‘liaison' and consultative work'.


P 06
TYPES OF SEXUAL OFFENSE AND RISK ASSESSMENT AMONG INCARCERATED SEX OFFENDERS IN TAIWAN
Fung-Ching Sun, MS1; Young-Yuan Chang, Ph.D2 Yi-Hsiung Sun, Ph.D3 Chin-Chun Su, MS 1
1.Nurse department of Kaohsiung Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Taiwan
2. Kaohsiung Medical University, Taivan
3. Centeral Police University, Taivan
amyjoe@kcg.gov.tw The purpose of this study was to classify sex offenders imprisoned in the Kaohsiung Jail. The risk of sex offense recidivism was then assessed using a Chinese version of the Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool-Revised (MnSOST-R). A cut-off score was determined to allow the early detection of a moderate to high risk level of recidivism. The study also identified factors that may be used to discern and predict possible recidivism in a sex offender.
The subjects of this study were two hundred and eighteen persons identified as sex offenders who were imprisoned in the Kaohsiung Jail. The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and MnSOST-R. All data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0.
Among the three types of sex offenders identified, the age of first offense was generally higher for child molesters than for those guilty of rape or incest. However, child molesters had the highest risk of recidivism. According to the classification developed by Groth, 164 of the subjects exhibited a powerful pattern, and 54 were pervasively angry. Of the 218 sex offenders screened by MnSOST-R using a cut-off score set at 4, 17% were found to have a moderate to high risk level of recidivism.
According to the results of this study, the cut-off point for moderate recidivism in the Chinese version of MnSOST-R needs to be decreased. This is based on a comparison of this data with foreign data obtained using the English version of MnSOST-R.


P 07
INFECTIOUS CONSEQUENCES IN SEXUALLY ABUSED WOMEN
Constantinos Stamatiou, Emmanouil Nonas, N. Kalogrias
University of Athens, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraieus, Greece
sgoumary@yahoo.gr The objective was to evaluate the presence and the consequences of the infections to the sexually abused women.
During the period May 2002 -May 2003, 40 sexually abused women were examined and monitored for a short period after sexual abuse. Urine sample and vaginal secretion sample were taken. The victims had been asked for infectious symptoms.
Eighty per cent of the 40 women presented symptoms of raginitis cystitis and skin infections.
The presence of pathogens was identified through samples' culture.


P 08
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH: ANALYSIS OF GROUP SYCHOTHERAPY FOR SEXUAL OFFENDERS
Franziska Lamott, Ph.D.
Forensic Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Germany
lamott@sip.medizin.uni-ulm.de In Germany, group psychotherapy is widely used for the treatment of sexual
offenders. However, data on the effectiveness of group psychotherapy are
scarce, even more so data investigating the agents of change in therapeutic
process. This study is aimed at investigating group psychotherapy for sexual
offenders in a prison setting, integrating elements of psychodynamic, client
centred conversation, behavioural, and gestalt therapy. Correlations between
group factors, interactional factors, and individual factors will be identified.
The design of the study will be presented.
The sample consists of 191 video taped sessions of 90
minutes each. The levels of analysis are the group as a whole, the interaction
between group members, and the individual client. The following instruments
are applied:
(1) The Kiel Group Psychotherapy Process Scale (KGPPS), which allows the identification of therapeutic factors at the group level
(2) The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT), with which repetitive
interpersonal relationship patterns can be identified and classified
(3) Content analysis of the narratives of the sexual offences


P 09
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH: ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS USED IN NARRATIVES OF SEXUAL OFFENDERS IN A GROUP THERAPY
Jan Bulla
Forensic Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Am Hochsträß 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany, lamott@sip.uni-ulm.de Assumptions about forensic therapy process are mainly derived from non-forensic psychotherapy research. To adjust those to their specific setting and clients application of qualitative approaches is crucial. Analysis of metaphors in the tradition of cognitive linguistics (Lakoff and Johnson) allows relating manifest verbal behaviour with cognitive models. The study is aimed at investigating clients narratives and construction of biography and criminal behaviour, group participants interaction with those narratives and clients and therapists inherent beliefs steering psychotherapeutic process in a prison setting
From a total of 191 video taped sessions of 90 minute each 3 sessions in which one participant speaks about his criminal behaviour were chosen for transcription. The level of analysis is the individual client, group members interaction, and therapeutic group process. The instrument is a modification of analysis of metaphors by Buchholz for psychotherapeutic research.


P 10
INTRA- AND INTER-PERSONAL ASPECTS OF VIOLENT DOLESCENT AND ADULT MALE'S SEXUAL HISTORY
Gerard A. Schaefer1, Christoph J. Ahlers2, Steven Feelgood3, Klaus M. Beier2, Dianna Kenny4, Alex Blaszczynski1
1 School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia; 2 Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité Universitary Medicine Berlin, Free and Humboldt University Berlin, Germany; 3 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; 4 School of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
gerards@psych.usyd.edu.au Prevention, particularly primary prevention of sexually inappropriate, that is dissexual behavior is likely to be more effective if aspects of human development and experiences, which are directly related and central to sexuality, are taken in to account. Despite extensive research having been conducted on various aspects of dissexual behavior, empirical data on the sexual history of sexually violent men is scant. Most studies focus on particular aspects only, such as the offender's own history of victimization, use of pornography, or deviant fantasies etc. Comprehensive assessments of the sexual history of sexual offenders remain the exception.
To obtain baseline data as well as to identify similarities in adults' and adolescents' sexual histories this project will investigate how intra- and interpersonal aspects of sexual history differ when comparing violent sexual offenders with violent offenders and non-offenders. Following an interdisciplinary approach, data on psychological, medical, socio-sexual, and criminological variables will be collected from both adolescent and adult offenders using quantitative and qualitative methods. Its multi-method design will allow for cross-validation of collected data and its interdisciplinary approach does justice to the complexity of the topic. Furthermore, the study is designed to include samples from various countries (so far Australia, Germany, and Austria) and, thus, will enable cross-cultural comparisons of the findings. Ultimately, the aim of this cross-cultural project is to further improve programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of sexual offending.
The poster will explain the concept of dissexuality, and specify aims, hypotheses, research plan, scope of the instrument, and possibly preliminary results.



P 11
PROBLEMS OCCURING WHEN DIAGNOSING SEXUAL SADISTS IN A FORENSIC SETTING
Frank Schilling, Reinhard Eher
Federal Documentation Centre for Sexual Offenders, Vienna, Austria frank.schilling@justiz.gv.at; reinhard.eher@justiz.gv.at In a forensic setting diagnosing sexual sadism appears to be problematic because usually offenders do not tell their deviant sexual fantasies. Therefore in most cases we have to look for indirect evidence of sexual sadistic fantasies or acts by analyzing the records of the victim or other offence features. Unfortunately this is a very individual process with few agreed upon criteria leading to major validity and reliability problems for the diagnosis of “sexual sadism”. In this study we analyzed our implicit theories about “sexual sadism” in a population of 216 male imprisoned sexual offenders referred to the Federal Documentation Centre for Sexual Offenders in Vienna, Austria. In our sample we found statistically different types of sexual offenders we diagnosed as “sexual sadists”. They showed different offense features and different levels of victim injury. Due to our study we consider the construct “sexual sadism” to represent a heterogeneous group of offenders. What we are working on is to find and to describe proper dimensions that are able to differentiate the various types of “sadists” we found in our study.


P 12
SEXUAL ABUSE: A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH
Gounaris Ioannis1, Sakellari Evanthia 2
1. National & Kapodestrian University of Athens, Department of Law
jounar8@otenet.gr
2.“Klimaka” NGO, Greece & University of Turku, Dept. Of Nursing Science, Finland sakellari@ath.forthnet.gr The aim of this presentation is to examine sexual abuse as a human rights violation, tantamount to torture, using literature review as a methodological tool.
Sexual abuse has been one of the most frequent forms or maltreatment in war or in detention. In fact, the horror of World War II led to the establishment of modern International Human Rights Law, mainly the Geneva Conventions, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN and Council of Europe Torture Conventions.
Torture is defined as the deliberate infliction of physical and psychological pain by or with the acquiescence of a person acting in an official capacity, with one of several intentions including the intimidation of the victim or third parties. It includes any intentional systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering or any other cruel, inhuman or degrading procedure.
Sexual abuse in detention is primarily an attack dominated by feelings of power and anger, rather than being an expression of sexual desire. Research evidence suggests that the motivation for sexual assault of men is the demonstration of complete control over the victim, and that the perpetrators do not perceive themselves or their acts as homosexual. The most disturbing aspect of sexual abuse as torture is that it is performed less for reasons of sexual arousement and more because it can be a formidable “interrogation tool”. A prisoner deprived of all dignity is one that will more readily “cooperate”…
Consequently, only observance of International Law, coupled with the appropriate supporting and health care services, may guarantee both prevention as well as proper treatment of this form of sexual abuse.


P 13
WOMEN WHO SEXUALLY ABUSE CHILDREN: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM
Merope N. Versi, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology, The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
Eftychia Anastassopoulou, D.E.A,
Athens University Medical School, Aiginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
mversi@acgmail.gr Most of the research in the area of sexual abuse has focused on male perpetrators. Maternal incest and other forms of female-perpetrated sexual abuse have been systematically under-reported. The myth that women cannot victimize children -especially their own- in a sexual manner, is firmly entrenched in our society, making female sexual perpetrators (FSP) an elusive population. Studies examining the nature of sexually abusive behaviors exhibited by females, as well as the characteristics of FSPs, are both limited and controversial.
The paper provides an overview on our knowledge regarding the prevalence and possible causes as well as the typologies and manifestations of female-perpetrated sexual abuse. In addition, the paper points to the significant research controversies that exist in the literature. For example, although some reports indicate that the abusive behaviors of FSP are usually very covert and do not include direct sexual contact, others describe FSP as more creative and sexually aggressive than their male counterparts.
This paper thus addresses the following research questions: What are the psychosocial characteristics of FSPs? What are the underlying causes of female-perpetrated abuse from both a gender-neutral and a feminist perspective? Are the underlying causal factors in any way similar to those in male-perpetrated sexual abuse? Are there specific ‘subtypes' of FSPs, and is the development of profile markers for forensic use possible? Finally, do female sexual abusers meet current DSM criteria for the psychiatric diagnosis of pedophilia?


P 14
FALSE ALLEGATIONS OF SEXUAL ABUSE-POSSIBLE MOTIVES IN THE GREEK REALITY
Stavroula Papadodima, Kostas Katsiampanis, Chaido Spiliopoulou, Philippos
Koutsaftis
Dept. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Athens University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Forensic Medical Services of Athens, Ministry of Justice, Greece
stpapd@med.uoa.gr It is believed that sexual abuse occurs with far greater frequency than what official statistics reflects. But at the same time an equally serious matter arises: the possibility of an improper allegation which undoubtedly may ruin the reputation of a falsely accused person. The problem becomes complicated when the signs in the forensic examination are minor, non specific, or even absent. Allegations arisen in the context of divorce and custody cases may be a source of frustration for the investigative authorities because of the possible biases and the acrimony between the partners. Other possible motives, especially between adolescents may be obtaining an alibi, revenge, sympathy or attention. An additional potential motive met in the Greek society is implicated, due to a peculiarity in the Greek Penal Code. According to the article 339 of our Code “if a wedding was performed between the perpetrator and the victim, no criminal prosecution will be exercised and if such has been instituted, it is declared inadmissible”. It is believed that a number of false allegations may be claimed in order to evoke a marriage with the accused person, who avoids this way the criminal prosecution.


P 15
THE PSYCHIATRIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE INCARCERATED SEX OFFENDERS IN TAIWAN
Lee Chun-Ying1, Frank Huang-Chih Chou1, Sheau-Ping Chen1, Kuan-Yi Tsai1, Shin-Shin Chao1, Su-Hua Liu1, Shu-Hui Tang1, Ming-Wei Huang2, Chao-Yueh Su3, Ren-Yi Liu1, Shih-Chi Lin1,
1. Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital
2. Chia-I Veterans Hospital
3. I-Shou University
lee791047@sina.com.tw The purpose of this study is to describe psychosocial characteristics and the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in incarcerated sex offenders in Taiwan.
Three hundred and forty one sex offenders were interviewed using standardized semi-structured interviews for psychiatric illness (DSM-IV) from 1999 to 2004 in a large Taiwan jail. Data on demographic, offence and victim characteristics were collected at the same time.
The average age of 341 sex offenders was 34.7+14.7 years. 40% of the sex offenders were only graduated below junior high school. 52% of the sex offenders were not married. Thirty-six percent of the sex offenders were out of work above two years. 51%of them are alcohol abusers or alcohol over consumption, 17% of them are drug abusers; and 1.5% of them are mental retardation. The attributes of male incarcerated sex offenders were related to sexual assault （including attempted）, 31.1%; statutory rape（including attempted）, 31.1％; and obscenity, 12.3％; 52.2％of them had first sexual crime.
There were some characteristics belonged to the sex offenders in Taiwan, including less educated, out of work, no married and substance abused. Owing to most of them had first sexual crime, so early prevention and evaluation should be performed.



P 16
THE DANISH SEXUAL OFFENDER TREATMENT PROGRAM:
THE FIRST FOUR YEARS
Ellids Kristensen1, Trine Arngrim2, Jorgen Bech-Jessen1, Ann-Charlotte Bondam3, Peter Fristed4, Tommy Lillebaek3, Thorkil Soerensen5, Jens Lund2.
1Sexological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, ellids@rh.dk; 2Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, JL@psykiatri.aaa.dk; 3The Institution at Herstedvester, holmen@webspeed.dk ; 4Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Hospital of Fyn, pef@shf.fyns-amt.dk 5Psychoterapeutic Department, Odense University Hospital, thorkilsoerensen@hotmail.dk In Denmark a national program for the treatment of sex-offenders was established in 1997. It was made possible to admit sex-offenders to treatment in combination with a suspended sentence or as a prerequisite for parole. All of the convicted offenders had to start their sentence in a special prison setting.
Of the persons who were convicted of a sexual offence during the first four years (1997 – 2001) 622 persons fulfilled the inclusion criteria for assessment to the treatment program. Some of these were found unfit for treatment, some did not want treatment, and some did not receive treatment due to capacity problems. Of those who were eligible 222 (123 on parole, 99 with suspended sentence) started treatment. There was no randomization for treatment, the assignment was partly based on need.
The rate of relapse in the 622 sexual offenders was compared with the relapse in a control group of 610 sexual offenders in the period 1994 – 1996. All in the control group has been followed for at least 69 months, whereas the observation period for the study group was shorter, less than 32 months for the half of the group. After correction for the difference in observation period the relapse rate of the 222 treated offenders was less (but not significant) than in the control group (RR 0,68 chi2 1,26 p=0,26).
The 222 offenders that started treatment had significant less relapse into all criminality (14%) than the 400 untreated offenders (24%). Until now it has not been possible to show a similar difference regarding sex reoffence. As assignment to treatment was based on need, the treated group may be at higher risk for relapse. After correcting for differences in sentences, this was however not found, which may indicate an effect from the treatment. As the observation period becomes longer it may be possible to answer this question.


P 17
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE SEX OFFENDERS ILLUSTRATED BY THE COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM RORSCHACH METHOD
Kasper Joergensen1, Eva Grahn2, Ellids Kristensen2
1 Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen County, KASJOR01@glostruphosp.kbhamt.dk ; 2Sexological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen. ellids@rh.dk 4 0 male sex offenders (primary nonviolent child sexual abusers) were tested prior to a treatment program using the Comprehensive System Rorschach Method. Three protocols were excluded due to validity criteria. The remaining 37 protocols were compared to an age-matched non-patient sample (n=32).
Analysis of preliminary data indicates that the sex offender group produced a significantly lower numbers of responses. They gave relatively higher proportion of answers using form as the only determinant (Lambda) and significantly fewer answers involving perspective or dimensionality (FD). The sex offender group produced significantly fewer answers using either color (WsumC) or the various types of shading qualities of the stimulus material (Sum c', Sum T, Sum V, Sum Y). They were also characterized by a relatively low proportion of answers involving multiple determinants (Blends). The sex offender group produced more reflection answers (Fr + rF) and fewer answers involving human movement (M) but these trends were not statistically significant.
As regards response content the sex offender group gave significantly fewer answers with human content and significantly more answers with anatomy and x-ray content. The two groups did not differ on variables related to degree of conventionality in perceiving and translating the stimulus material (Form Quality measures, Populars).
According to Rorschach interpretation conventions the sex offender group might be described as more psychologically guarded, avoidant and less introspective. They have fewer ideational and affective resources available and they seem to be less mature and more emotionally constricted. The sex offender group seems to be relatively inattentive to irritating and painful affective experience. They show a narcissistic tendency towards exaggerated self involvement combined with a relatively modest degree of interest in other people.
P 18
THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT ON MORAL DISENGAGEMENT AND VARIOUS EMOTIONS IN JUVENILE SEX OFFENDERS
Rebecca Louise Terriere
University Of Kent in Canterbury, England
J.C.Wilson@kent.ac.uk The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of attachment relationships on moral disengagement and various emotions in male juvenile sex offenders. Bartholomew's (1990) model of attachment was used to investigate close emotional relationships, incorporating three styles of insecure attachment: fearful, preoccupied, and dismissive. A sample of 28 non-offending males and 24 juvenile sex offenders completed measures of attachment, moral disengagement, anxiety, self-esteem, depression, shame, guilt, externalization, and detachment/unconcern. Results demonstrated that juvenile sex offenders were more insecurely attached than the non-offenders and experienced greater levels of moral disengagement, anxiety, self-esteem, depression, shame, externalization, and detachment/unconcern. No differences were found between the two groups of participants for guilt.


P 19
SEXUALLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG GREEK YOUNG MALES
Aikaterini Tempeli, Nikos Andriotis, Vasilis Moutsios, George Persefonis, George Konstantakopoulos, Christos Raptis, Pavlina Spandoni, Orestis Giotakos
Hellenic Society for Research & Prevention of Sexual Abuse, Athens, Greece
giotakos@tri.forthnet.gr The objective was to investigate the sexually aggressive behaviors of Greek males. For this purpose, 997 young males, aged 22± 2,3 years, completed anonymously a standard questionnaire concerning their life-time sexually aggressive behaviors.
Twenty two per cent reported having conducted a sexual harassment to a woman, 8% an almost violent sexual activity, and 5% a violent sexual activity against a woman, without her consent. Further statistical analysis, showed that the sexually abusive behaviors were associated with low mood, drug use, including alcohol use, suicidal risk, and a history of psychiatric or delinquent behavior. In addition, sexually aggressive behavior showed different associations with the levels of education, the living area, and the sexual experiences during childhood.
These findings indicate the multi-faceted nature of the phenomenon of sexual aggression, and indeed, prevention programmes should take under consideration different psychological, social, and cultural parameters.


P 20
A COMBINATION OF VIEWING REACTION TIME, AND INCIDENTAL LEARNING TASK IN CHILD MOLESTERS, RAPISTS, AND CONTROL MALES AND FEMALES
Orestis Giotakos, M.D, MSc, PhD
Hellenic Society for Research and Prevention of Sexual Abuse, Athens, Greece
giotakos@tri.forthnet.gr The present study was designed to explore the interference effects of sexual interest on viewing reaction time and cognitive functioning, in a group of sexual offenders. In order to test this hypothesis, 31 rapists, 27 child molesters, 53 control males and 24 control females, were given a viewing reaction time task while being distracted with photographs of semi-nude males and females of various ages and other stimuli. In the second part of the experiment, the subjects were instructed to attempt to recall whether or not the photograph had been presented during the first part or whether it was novel.
The results showed that extra familial child molesters had their longest viewing times with the photographs of girls, intra-familial child molesters and control women with the pictures of adolescent females, and rapists and control males with the photographs of women. The pattern of errors during the incidental learning task yielded several interesting findings. Intra- and extra-familial child molesters showed the best recognition with the photographs of boys and adolescents males. Especially, extra-familial child molesters showed the best recognition with photographs of boys, despite having looked at them for the shortest period of time, probably because of suppression. In general, the profile of child molesters seems to be fluctuated between the control males' and the control females' profile, while the rapists' profile seems to share many common features with the control males' profile.
In summary, viewing reaction time, in combination with incidental learning tasks, can serve as an unobtrusive measure of males' sexual interests. The results of this study encourage the development and use of such techniques in epidemiological studies, as well as in professionals working with children.


P 21
BODY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REVELATION OF SEX OFFENCES
Nora Grigoriou, Lawyer
Piraeus, Greece
nora_grigoriou@yahoo.com This essay presents the proofs of penal trial from a comparative historical point of view, and underlines body's importance to the proof of sexual offences.
Modern process has dismissed the corporeal dimension that used to have in the past; it is not a “bodytest” any more, a torture surveyed by God and tending to reveal the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Instead of being an ordeal, trial has become a confrontation in the field of speech, an evaluation of arguments and, mainly written, evidences. In other words, the examination of written documents and oral speech has put aside the probatory force of the body.
However, the “corporeality” of the process has not completely disappeared. In several crimes, like sex offences, victim' s or defendant' s body turns out to be the basic and essential evidence. Modern methods of proving crimes, like sexual offence, (i.e. DNA test, examination by experts) recall, from another point of view, the probatory force of the body. At the same time, they create non-rebuttable assumpsions, which determine at a large extent, the result of the trial.
What role modern judge is called to play?
To what extend can he rebut expert' s conclusions?
And finally, what is the difference between the certainty that body used to create in the past and the non- rebuttable assumpions of the present?


P 22
FORENSIC EVALUATION FOR SEX OFFENDER OF WEB-MEDIATED STATUTORY RAPE – TWO CASES REPORT

Ker-Li Hsueh, MD; Ming-Che Tsai.; Jung-Kwang Wen, MD
Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Nia-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, R.O.C.
SKL644@adm.cgmh.org.tw Web-mediated statutory rape is defined as illegal act of sex via the medium of internet with a person under the age of full legal responsibility, even if the victim is willing. Forensic psychiatrists and psychologists are supposed to evaluate and make treatment recommendations for such sex offenders.
This article reports two case of web-mediated statutory rape sex offenders who used to take it for granted that web mediated sex with the minor who consent to date and reveal passive compliance is undoubtedly reasonable. Sexual psychopathy such as pedophilia should be considered but seemed to be less likely in both diagnostic interview & penile plethysmographic assessment. Actuarial prediction of sex recidivism risk is low.
However, through the rationalization or defense of these sex offenders, implication such as misinterpreting the information from web of consent to “date” as consent to “sex”, and demonstration of more prevailing “forgiving attitude” toward date rape in male gender than female may contribute to and be the focus of intervention in web-mediated statutory rape. More study is warranted in order to verify this postulation.


P 23
DETECTING PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG OUTPATIENT SUBSTANCE ABUSERS
Mellos E, Liappas I, Pomini V, Haziroglou L and Rabavilas A
Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital “Athena” Program, Athens, Greece
drugfree@hol.gr Research demonstrates the association between physical or sexual abuse and substance related problems.
The aim of this study was to identify histories of physical and/or sexual abuse among drug and alcohol addicts in an outpatient drug free setting - program “ATHENA”. We examined the files of all new clients who received treatment during the years 2000 and 2001 (N=189). According to the principles of the program “ATHENA” all the individuals who received treatment had more than four sessions. All the cases fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for substance or alcohol abuse/dependence. Males were the 69% of the sample, while 31% of them were female. Heroin was the main substance of abuse for the 52% of the cases and alcohol for the 32% of them. The mean age of the sample was 32 years. Clients were not systematically asked about the history of physical or sexual abuse and all the recorded findings were self-reported.
In 10 cases (3 males and 7 females) physical abuse was reported (5.2%) and in 4 cases –all females- sexual abuse (2.1%). We suppose that there is a greater number of histories of physical and/or sexual abuse which is not disclosed and therefore is not mentioned during the therapeutic sessions.
Findings of this study predicate more systematic research and investigation of the physical and/or sexual abuse histories of drug/alcohol abusers mainly during the therapeutic process, after the establishment of the therapeutic relationship.


P 24
THE NARRATIVES OF INCEST VICTIMS – HOW DOES SEXUAL ABUSE TERMINATE?
Erlend K. Lorentzen, Haavard Nilsen, Bente Træen,
Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Norway.
erlendkl@stud.sv.uit.no ; haavardn@stud.sv.uit.no ; bentet@psyk.uit.no In order to prevent sexual abuse, knowledge about how incest relationships stop may be of vital importance. The aim of this study was to identify which factors incest victims attribute to that the abuse stopped. The study is based on in-depth interviews with 10 women aged 19-30 years exposed to incest. The informants were recruited for interviews from a support centre against incest. A narrative approach was chosen for the interviews, as the purpose was to explore the social reality of the informant. All informants emphasised they themselves had played an active role in stopping the abuse. At a certain time when the incest victim seemed to have matured mentally, physically and often also in terms of status as more adult, they reached a position of efficacy to say stop. Qualities related to the personality, and assistance from care persons (e.g. mother), were mentioned as important factors in the stop-process. Even though the physical abuse stopped, it seemed to continue on an emotional and relational level. The reasons for this was related to a continued contact with the offender due to the family environment, that one's significant others do not believe the child is being abused or attempts to belittle the events, that the victim cannot bring herself to confront the offender, and guilt and shame connected to the ambivalent feelings toward the offender. Further results are forthcoming, and implications for prevention is discussed.


P 25
PANIC ATTACKS DURING ADULT LIFE AND HISTORY OF RAPE DURING CHILDHOOD
Florence Bakomitrou1, George Lentaris2, John Rontos1
1 Piraeus General State Hospital, Psychiatric Department
2 Intermedico Medical Network

This case report deals with a 48-year-old divorced and working female patient, mother of 4. The patient came to therapy with the complaint of frequent panic attacks she had been experiencing during the last three years. She was incompliant to drug treatment, despite the doctor's recommendations.
During the initial phases of the therapy, there were many difficulties in the therapeutic interaction, as the patient had adopted a rather avoidant behavior against the therapist.
At first, she mentioned several problems pertaining to the family of origin, while on the third session she revealed to the therapist that she had been sexually abused by her father during her childhood.
The establishment of a warm and intimate therapeutic relationship was emphasized and given top priority. The case was treated according to the Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapeutic Principles.
The therapeutic intervention included the following stages:
- Detailed psychosocial and psychosomatic history taking
- Neuromuscular relaxation practice and diaphragmatic breathing
- Role playing
- Detection of cognitive distortions and discrediting of dysfunctional thoughts
- Thought modification techniques
- Cognitive restructuring techniques
- Social skills enhancement


P 26
USING POLYGRAPH IN DENIAL ATTITUDE OF CHINESE SEXUAL OFFENDERS
Ching-Hong Tsai, M.D., M.Sc.
Department of Psychiatry, Military Kaohsiung General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
chinghongtsai@hotmail.com Most convicted sex offenders deny or minimize their crimes. Sexual abuse is considered to be widely underreported crime. Post-conviction polygraph examinations are increasingly used as a mechanism to assist in managing sex offenders more safely and effectively. Until now, no previous study presented denial problem about sexual offender in Taiwan society. The study will use the disclosure examination to assess the denial attitude of sex offense history.
Forty sexual offenders who continue to deny, minimize or rationalize his conduct in prison were included to receive polygraph under inform consent. All were recorded with Lafayette 4000 Computerized Polygraph Systems by certificated polygraph examiner. All polygraph cases were three-question single-issue examinations in which the MGQT was used and a minimum of three charts were recorded.
The cases consist of incest, child molesters and adult rapists. The results showed that 19 cases were no deceptive indicated, 5 cases were inconclusive and 16 cases were deceptive indicated. The detailed demographic data will be presented in the poster.
We attempted to verify the sex offense history of an offender by polygraph disclosure examination at the beginning of treatment. According to above results, there were 40% offenders to deceit his offense history. We suggest that treatment providers need to check up offense history carefully.

P 27
PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF CHILD ABUSE AT A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SOUTHERN TAIWAN
Wen-Jiun Chou; Ching-Shu Tang; Miao-Chun Chou ;Yu-Lien Hsieh; Jung-kwang Wen
Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry & Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan R.O.C.
wjchou@adm.cgmh.org.tw The Objective was a two- year psychiatric study of abused children (including physical, sexual abused and child neglect) at a primary school in southern Taiwan(Kaohsiung) was conducted in our project.
In the first year, the researchers screened subjects of students in each grades using a self-reported questionnaire, CBCL-TRF(Child Behavioral Checklist, Teacher-Report-Form), CAP (Child Abuse Potential Inventory) and CAPI-SIQ (Child Abuse Potential Interview, Social-worker Interview Questionnaire). The case (abused children) and control (non-abused children) groups were identified. Then, the studies among these two groups for their mental status, psychiatric diagnosis were assessed by three experienced child psychiatrists using the Chinese form of DISC-C. The other views of psychological, behavioral and cognitive evaluations were completed by an experienced clinical child psychologist. These tests included WISC-R，B-G test, CAT test and activity checklist.
The results showed obvious psychiatric diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(31%) conduct disorder (10.3%) mental retardation(6.8%), borderline mentality 31%, anxiety disorder(10.3%) and depression(3.4%) in case group. The control group expressed statistical significance of higher PIQ and FIQ scores. The B-G test and CAT test showed no statistical significance between these two groups. The comparisons of CBCL-TRF, CAP and CAPI between these two groups will be presented on the poster.
In conclusion, the psychiatrists play an important role on child abuse case management by interacting with school teacher and social service agencies. Further related risk-factor studies will be necessary for primary prevention of child maltreatment.

P 28
HOW TRUE FACTS ARE ENGAGED IN A FILM ABOUT RAPE: THE CASE OF “THE ACCUSED
Fotini Sifnaiou, E. K. Xidopoulou
vaxidop@kethi.gr, sifnaiou@yahoo.com The objective of the present project is to identify whether there is any scientific basis concerning sexual offending in “The accused” (a film by J. Kaplan, the theme of which is centralized upon a case of rape) or if there are only stereotypes that are reproduced about the sexual offender, his victim and the assault itself.
To meet the objective, our focus was twofold: we took into consideration the contemporary bibliography about sexual violence and its forms and we analyzed the film via the qualitative analysis method. As soon as all the components of the project were available, we compared the scientific data with the data that was obtained through the film analysis.
The most significant finding was that the major part of the film analyzed, was based upon the close inspection of the bibliography and the statistic findings about this kind of offenses; not only did we find few disparities between scientific and film data, but we also recognized an evident effort to shed light upon the true nature of rape and dispel the myths that surround the latter”.


P 29
THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER IN ADULT LIFE: REPORTS OF 3 CASES
P. Heras1,2, K. Kritikos2, A. Hatzopoulos1,2, A. P. Giorgopoulou1,2, N. Kritikos2, D. Mitsibounas2.
1General Hospital of Nafplio, Department of Internal Medicine, Greece.
2Hellenic Medical Society for the Study of Psychosomatic Problems.


We are presenting the cases of 3 women that were sexually abused in their childhood and in adult life they developed gynecological carcinomas.
The older one (aged 45 years old) presented to us 3 years ago with breast cancer. The other 2 (ages 42 and 39 years old) presented with ovarian cancers (the first one 2 years ago and the second one 4 years ago).All the 3 of them were suffering also from uselessness, apathy and complicated forms of intense guilt. According to their confessions to the psychiatrist of the group, the patient suffering from breast cancer, was systemically sexually abused at the age of 8 years old, by her first cousin. The one patient suffering from ovarian cancer (aged 42) was sexually abused in her childhood by a man in her neighborhood at the age of 10 and once more at the age of 14 years old. The second patient suffering from ovarian carcinoma (aged 39) was abused sexually at the age of 9 by her father. None of these patients got married in their adult lives and all of them confessed that they didn't have any sexual life since the time they were abused. We spent together about 45 hours with each patient, which was enough time to extract essential information regarding the impact of sexual abuse during childhood on a woman's personal life.
The story of the 3 patients gives us detailed information and the opportunity to evaluate the impact of sexual abuse during childhood on a woman's life. In their stories it is clearly mirrored the emotional conflict between their “superego” and her “id”, which on the one hand inflicted internal pain and suffering and on the other hand, in their effort to find refuge and relief, prompted them to a single life. The patients were operated for their tumors and received adjuvant chemotherapy (the patient with the breast carcinoma received 9 cycles and the other 2 received 12 cycles). All the 3 of them are still in life, showing intense symptoms of depression, according to the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Despite the fact that the number of patients studied is only three, we may suggest that sexual abuse during childhood predisposes to a single, lonely life and even to gynecological cancer development.



P 30
PREVALENCE OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (IPV) AMONG INJURED PATIENTS ATTENDING THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS
Delia Marina Alexe, MD, Themis Spyridopoulos,MD, Kiki Petroulaki, PhD, Dionisis Papadatos, MD, Michail Kaminaris, MD, Eleni Petridou, MD, MPH
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School,
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries, Athens, Greece
dalexe@med.uoa.gr IPV represents an important problem of all societies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a screening tool in the recognition of victims of IPV in the Emergency Departments and assess the magnitude and characteristics of IPV in Greece.
A short questionnaire, comprising four questions concerning the experience of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV during the last 12 months was developed and pilot-tested for a six-month period by health visitors through personal interviews with all adult patients visiting the EDs of three collaborating hospitals. Patients screened positive were subsequently asked to participate in a more detailed interview to document the abuse in terms of type, frequency and severity. A descriptive analysis and cross-tabulations of data were performed.
About 3% of patients that participated in the study (N = 2223) reported having experienced IPV during the last year, perpetrated in 2 out of 3 cases by current marital partners. At least one episode of severe physical violence was reported by 34% of the victims. In 8% of cases sexual violence was reported, whereas 12% of the victims had been threatened with a weapon. Females had an increased risk for sustaining the abuse compared to males (6% vs. 0.3%, respectively) and a two-fold higher risk for sustaining IPV was noticed among migrants compared to Greek nationals.
In conclusion, increasing awareness of health professionals in identification of IPV, encouraging them to use a convenient screening tool and provide discrete referral schemes to those in need are essential in breaking the vicious circle of violence.


P 31
MEDICAL STUDENTS: HOW EAGER ARE THEY TO LEARN ABOUT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (IPV)?
Kiki Petroulaki, PhD, Delia Marina Alexe, MD, Themis Spyridopoulos,MD, Dionisis Papadatos, MD, Agapios Terzidis, MD, Eleni Petridou, MD, MPH
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School,
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries, Athens, Greece
kpetroul@med.uoa.gr IPV (physical, sexual and psychological) is an enormous public health problem, which affects individuals, families and the society on a whole. Until recently, the "traditional" role of health care providers was believed to be exclusively limited to treat injuries of the victim, without having insight into the causes of their traumas. There is, however, increasing awareness of health care providers concerning the need to document cases of possible abuse, to assess them not only from the medical point of view, but also from the social and legal one, and to refer such victims to specialized centers. Without having these skills, health care providers will remain reluctant to screen for IPV and help the abused persons.
To increase the knowledge of health care providers to address the important problem of IPV a module, for training future physicians on IPV had been developed pilot tested and is currently being evaluated under the auspices of DAPHNE Program (JAI/DAP/03/120/Y).
During the pilot implementation of the module 127 medical students voluntarily enrolled a 10-hour course consisting of a theoretical part, a Workshop with IPV professionals and victims, and a fieldwork part. A mixed factorial design (2x2), one factor being between-subjects (program vs. no-program) and the other within-subjects (pre-test vs. post-test), was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the module. The educational material and the trainers were also evaluated. The results of this evaluation will be presented at the Conference.
Conclusions: As the role of all health care providers is crucial in screening, identifying and treating victims of IPV, so the need for implementing educational efforts, such as the one presented here is imperative for training health care providers of various specialties.

P 32
PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CHILDHOOD: A REALITY OF GREEK SOCIETY
Agapios Terzidis, MD, Delia Marina Alexe, MD, Themis Spyridopoulos,MD, Dionisis Papadatos, MD, Ioannis Matzavakis, Statistician, Ava Charalampopoulou, MD, Eleni Petridou, MD, MPH
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School,
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries, Athens, Greece
agterz@med.uoa.gr While child neglect is the main form of abuse in childhood, physical and sexual violence produce irreversible repercussions on child's mental and physical health. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and patterns of childhood injuries due to physical and sexual violence in Greece.
Data concerning intentional injuries sustained by children less than 15 years old during the period 1996-2000, as recorded by the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) in Greece were used. Descriptive analysis and simple cross tabulations were performed and countrywide estimates of the incidence of these injuries were computed.
A total number of 427 cases of physical and sexual abuse were recorded by EDISS, figure that corresponds to an annual incidence of 7 such injuries per 10,000 children in Greece. The majority of cases concerned physical violence, but sexual abuse was also recorded in more than 5% of patients, with a higher risk for very young children and those of migrant status. Schoolmates and friends of children (36%), family members (30%), and educators (3.5%) were main the perpetrators of abuse. The abuse usually resulted in injuries of slight severity (85%) but severe injuries and the death of a child were also recorded
In conclusions, child abuse is a sizeable problem in Greece, which should be efficiently tackled in this community. Educational programs to create public awareness of child abuse and efforts to prevent it should be undertaken, while health care providers should be specifically trained to identify, assess and report child abuse.
P 33
THE VIRGIN CURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MYTH OF THE VIRGIN RAPE HIV / AIDS CURE
Jennifer P Stergion,
B.S., Clinical Psychology, M.S., Criminal Justice, J.D., Candidate, USA
JENSAN Legal, Professional, and Organizational Education
jpstergion@hotmail.com Poster covers available literature on reports and studies investigating and examining the practice by HIV/AIDS infected males of raping virgins in effort to rid themselves of the disease. Discusses possible sources of the myth, the government's response, and research suggestions. This poster is designed to give the reader an introduction of the issue.

P 34
A SEX DIFFERENCE IN THE HUMAN BRAIN AND TRANSSEXUALITY
Evgeniy Zadorin, K Shevchenko, Ju. Gubskij
National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
evgeniyzadorin@mail.ru Transsexuals have the strong feeling, often from childhood onwards, of having been born the wrong sex. The possible psychogenic or biological aetiology of transsexuality has been the subject of debate for many years. Here we show that the volume of the central subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BSTc), a brain area that is essential for sexual behaviour, is larger in men than in women. A female-sized BSTc was found in male-to-female transsexuals. The size of the BSTc was not influenced by sex hormones in adulthood and was independent of sexual orientation. Our study is the first to show a female brain structure in genetically male transsexuals and supports the hypothesis that gender identity develops as a result of an interaction between the developing brain and sex hormones.


P 35
DENIAL, PARTIAL DENIAL, AND MINIMIZATION IN SEXUAL OFFENDERS: CONSTRUCTION, METHODS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A STRUCTURED INTERVIEW UNDER CONSIDERATION OF CRIME SCENE VARIABLES AND OFFENSE CHARACTERISTICS
Martin Kitzberger, Thomas Eiwegger, Reinhard Eher
Federal Documentation Centre for Sexual Offenders, Vienna, Austria
reinhard.eher@justiz.gv.at Denial, partial denial and minimization play an essential role when assessing dangerousness or readiness for therapy in sexual offenders. Although the influence of denial on relapse could never been proved empirically, denial – in any case – has indirect influence on risk by influencing therapy variables. First, offenders who deny are often excluded from therapy programs, second, denial often goes hand in hand with severe personality problems or sexual deviance, and third, denial may influence treatment outcome directly by seriously interfering with the therapeutic process. Therefore, denial – although not proven to be relevant for relapse directly – still seems to represent a crucial issue in sex offender management.
We, therefore, have developed an empirically deriven structured interview for assessing the quantity and the quality of denial in sexual offenders.
First results suggest a reliable and valid instrument. First data of experiences with this instruments in 80 sexual offenders are presented.


P 36
COMING OUT FROM THE SILENCE: A COMPARATIVE RESEARCH FOR THE IN-MARITAL VIOLENCE IN GREECE AND IN FRANCE
Sophia Fokas (1), Mohamed Lahlou (2)
(1) Candidate D of Ph. in Social Psychology, Institution Support and Information Center of Vulnerable Social Groups of the Municipality of Acharnes (K.Y.P.E.K.O.), & Open Polyclinic of Medicines of the World, Athens, Greece
(2) Professor of Social Psychology, Lumiere University, Lyon, France & Centre of Reception of Women Victims of Violence F.I.L. (Femmes Information Liaison), AGENA, France
s_fokas@hotmail.com This research was done in France (Centre of Reception of Women Victims of Violence F.I.L. -Femmes Information Liaison-, AGENA) and in Greece (Open Polyclinic of Doctors of the World and the Support and Information Center of Vulnerable Social Groups of the Municipality of Acharnes). The aim of this research is to study and compare the sense of in-marital violence between the two countries, putting certain questions: Which are the representations of roles that women victims of in-marital violence have? How do they conceive them? Through this research we studied the dynamic of the relationships of these couples and the psychological operations of these women.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis was made in twenty incidents of women victims of violence using semi – directed questionnaire. There were ten victims questioned in Greece and ten in France. In the comparison between the two there were no differences. The common results of the two teams are the following:
1) The woman adopts stereotyped representations of role of her sex
2) These representations lead in negative self-image of the woman and the acceptance of violence in the house
3) Older personal traumatic experiences of the woman play active role and lead to an acceptant behaviour towards violence
4) The self-destructive attitude of these women is the expression of a psychological death that replaces a real death.



P 37
THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL PUNISHMENTS BY PARENTS ON CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOUR
Taghavi Tarane, Barough Nasrin, Sharifi Nahid, Parsa Yekta, Zohreh
Tehran, Iran
Taghavi-L@hotmail.com The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of punishment at home in the children's social personality. The samples of the study are taken from 7-11 year students attending Tehran public schools from grades 1 to 5. Thirty students with a history of punishment at home and 30 students without a history of punishment participated in the study. All participants completed a questionnaire in which the variables for physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, self-isolation and cooperation had been evaluated. Results showed that physical punishment had an effect on children's self isolation, as well as on their cooperation in the school.



P 38
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RAPISTS IN RELATION TO THEIR HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD ATTENTION-DEFICIT / HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) SYMPTOMS
Orestis Giotakos, Nikos Vaidakis, Manolis Markianos, George N Cristodoulou
Athens University Medical School, Psychiatric Clinic, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
giotakos@tri.forthnet.gr The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the retrospectively assessed childhood Attention-Deficits/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and the personality characteristics in a group of 44 prisoners convicted for rape. All participants completed the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Aggression Questionnaire, the Life-Time History of Aggression, the Barratt-Impulsivity Scale, the Suicide Risk Scale, and the Temperament and Character Inventory of Cloninger.
The subgroup of rapists with WURS score of 46 or higher (N=27), showed significantly higher levels of self-reported aggression, life-time history of aggression, impulsivity, as well as a significantly higher score of the dimensions Novelty Seeking and Self-Transcendence and significantly lower score of the dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness, in comparison with the subgroup with WURS score of 45 and lower. Additionally, the WURS score showed a positive correlation with aggression, impulsivity, and suicudality.
In conclusion, history of childhood ADHD symptoms in this sample of rapists was linked to higher levels of aggression, impulsivity, and suicidality, as well as to a temperament profile characterized by frequent exploratory activity, quick loss of temper, and a character profile characterized by luck of purpose, difficulty to accept the others, and a lack of empathy. All these strongly support the need for longitudinal follow-up studies on the relationships between ADHD and sexual aggression.


P 39
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR THOSE WHO HAVE SEXUALLY OFFENDED OR ARE AT RISK OF OFFENDING (COCHRANE REVIEW)
Kenworthy T, Adams CE, Bilby C, Brooks-Gordon B, Fenton M
School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, England
b.brooks-gordon@bbk.ac.uk
ww.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab004858.htm The objective was to evaluate effects of psychological interventions on target sexual acts, urges or thoughts for people who have been convicted, or cautioned, for sexual offences. Thirty-three electronic databases including the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 4, 2002) were searched. Relevant authors and organisations were contacted for additional data.
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults treated in institutional or community settings for sexual behaviours that have resulted in conviction or caution for sexual offences, or offences or violent behaviours with a sexual element. Behavioural, cognitive-behavioural, psychodynamic, and psychoanalytic therapies were compared with each other, drug treatment, or standard care.
We included nine RCTs with over 500 male offenders, 231 of whom have been followed up for a decade. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in groups may reduce re-offence at one year for child molesters when compared with standard care (n=155, 1 RCT, RR any sexual/violent crime - 0.41 CI 0.2 to 0.82, NNT 6 CI 3 to 20). However, when CBT was compared with a trans-theoretical counselling group therapy the former may have increased poor attitudes to treatment (corrected n=38, 1 RCT, RR 2.8 CI 1.26 to 6.22, NNH 2 CI 1 to 5). The largest trial compared broadly psychodynamic group therapy with no treatment for 231 men guilty of paedophilia, exhibitionism or sexual assault. Re-arrest over ten years was greater for those allocated to group therapy (result not statistically significant [n=231, 1 RCT, RR 1.87 CI 0.78 to 4.47]).

Kenworthy T, Adams CE, Bilby C, Brooks-Gordon B, Fenton M. The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

P 40
SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT POLICY WITHIN THE CORREECTIONAL SERVICE IN SWEEDEN
Elisabeth Kwarnmark, Bengt Hasselrot
Psychologists, psychotherapists, Sweeden
lisakw@gbg.bonet.se Therapeutic competence and sex offender treatment programme are concentrated at four divisions(prison) in the country. Treatment shall be continuous from prison to community and built on the principles of National Sex Offender Treatment Programme which is called ROS in Swedish Risk and need assessment is mandatory for every sex offender. Every sex offender division contains: high security unit and low security unit(open prison) Claim on staff working in the units: staff must be able to talk about sexuality, perversions and sexual abuse. Have education in general sexology, offender psychology, awareness of risk/need factors, victim empathy. The providers of the programme shall have at least two weeks of training followed by contiunous supervision. They shall be two and at least one of them must be a psychologist by profession Every local probation service shall provide at least two probation officers with special competence about management and treatment of sex offenders. The Board of National Prison and probation Administration decided that the sex offender divisions should be established from February the 1st 2003.Implementation started in 2002. A presentation of the programme before the accreditation panel took place in Decembre 2003. The vision is that the whole strategy and the national treatment programme shall be fully developed,accredited and running in 2006. National Treatment Programme in Sweden: ROS a swedish version of a canadian SOTP developed by dr Pamela Yates an coworkers,improved and translated to swedish by Elisabeth Kwarnmark and Bengt Hasselrot Structure of the ROS programme: 4-5 month of duration minimum 6 hours group work per week minimum one individual session per week The components of the programme are: cognitive distortions and management strategies,intimacy, relationships and social functioning, emotion anagement, empathy and victim awareness, sexual arousal and fantasy, maintenance. The general principles of the programme: Intensity of programme is matched to risk and need of individual offenders based upon pre- and post-treatment assessment and evaluation, attention to responsivity issues, cognitive-dynamic intervention, therapeutic orientation. Essential elements of effective intervention: Therapeutic alliance, positive reinforcement, group cohesion, ownership of group, guided learning, active learning. Essential therapist characteristics and the importance of the therapeutic alliance combined with the stucture of the cognitive approach will be discussed in the presentation. Results so far concerning number of groups and evaluation of the groups will also be presented.